a ref parameter must first be initialized before being 
passed from the calling function to the called function.


but a out parameter need not be initialized, we can pass it 
directly

normally while we are passing values to other methods it 
will pass copy of the values.But we use ref or out 
parameter it pass reference of values.

When we pass a parameter as ref to a method, the method 
refers to the same variable and changes made will affect 
the actual variable. even the variable passed as out 
parameter is same as ref parameter, but implementation in 
c# is different, 
Arguement passed as ref parameter must be initialized 
before it is passed to the method. But in case of out 
parameter it is not necessary. But after a call to a method 
as out parameter it is necessary to initialize.
When to use out and ref parameter, out parameter is used 
when we want to return more than one value from a method.

Ref parameter can be used as both input and o/p parameter
out parameter can be used as only output parameter

The main difference between them is ref parameter act as 
input/output  whereas out parameter is simply act as output.

Let us understand with an example:

Out parameters "out" parameters are output only parameters 
meaning they can only passback a value from a function.We 
create a "out" parameter by preceding the parameter data 
type with the out modifier. When ever a "out" parameter is 
passed only an unassigned reference is passed to the 
function. 

using System;
class Test
{
 static void out_test(out int x)
 {
  x=100;
 }
 static void Main()
 {
  int Myvalue=5;
  MyMethod(Myvalue);
  Console.WriteLine(out Myvalue);             
 }
}

Output of the above program would be 100 since the value of 
the "out" parameter is passed back to the calling part. 
Note 
The modifier "out" should precede the parameter being 
passed even in the calling part. "out" parameters cannot be 
used within the function before assigning a value to it. A 
value should be assigned to the "out" parameter before the 
method returns. 

Ref parameters "ref" parameters are input/output parameters 
meaning they can be used for passing a value to a function 
as well as to get back a value from a function.We create 
a "ref" parameter by preceding the parameter data type with 
the ref modifier. When ever a "ref" parameter is passed a 
reference is passed to the function. 

using System;
class Test
{
 static void Mymethod(ref int x)
 {
  x=x+ 100;
 }
 static void Main()
 {
  int Myvalue=5;
  MyMethod(Myvalue);
  Console.WriteLine(ref Myvalue);              
 }
}

Output of the above program would be 105 since the "ref" 
parameter acts as both input and output. 
Note 

The modifier "ref" should precede the parameter being 
passed even in the calling part. "ref" parameters should be 
assigned a value before using it to call a method.

out -doesnot keep initial value or assigned value.
ref-does
void f1(out int t){
t+=100 //give error becs t has no value  --true for ref
t=100 //possible
}

from web.config file with connection string who to interact 
means who to connect in 
gridview. in my system shows null something error what is 
the problem

The name of the default table adapter connection string 
looks something like the following: 
AppName.Settings.Default.ConnectionStringName

Naturally, AppName is the name of your application and 
ConnectionStringName is the name you've given to your 
connection string. This is the 'certain way' that Jay is 
talking about.

If you create a TableAdapter through the design time 
interface and configure the connection string to save into 
the config file, you can edit the config file and see 
exactly what connection string name is expected.

collections includes of arraylist and hashtables which are 
similar to arrays but arrays we cant perform delete and add 
operations whereas in collections it is possible some 
addmethods are available

collection in case of memory useful .its size  is not 
fixed,means the if we want to store data more than its 
default size its automatically double its default size.but 
in case of normal array we can do through redim also the 
memory allocated is new[impact on the performance].

COLLECTION:
Collection are used for grouping related objects that 
allows us to iterate over those objects.

Generics:

Generic means make objects generalise.Generic types are the 
types that take other type name to define their own type.