BANDWIDTH-- >> in general is the total range of frequencies that a system can handle..
BW= Fmax-Fmin

now.. a system is called open loop when there is no feedback.. when feedback(-ve) is introduced(negative feed used as +ve feed will make the system unstable usually), the gain will reduce .. along with that, it lets the system handle more range of frequencies.. thus bandwith increases.. the principle of GAIN*BANDWIDTH is always kept constant.. thus when gain is reduced, BW increases..

thus closed loop system BW increases compared to open loop..

--RO--

reactive silica is only removed from DM plant but colidal 
silica stil rest in DM water. that colidal silica found in 
boiler drum

hi,sir this is praveen kasaram,i've recently applied fr the
post of graduate engineer trainee,
sir i require bheltest papers for the last 3yrs in
MECHANICAL STREAM , could u plz send it to my mail id sir,,
plzzzzzzz

my id :praveen_kasaram26@yahoo.com
       praveenkasaram123@gmail.com

phani.confidence@gmail.com,09885444275

Im really sorry to say that I am also in search of these papers.

read the besic of electrical.like que are given below 
     objective type
1.ELCB is what purpose to use in stytem.(hummen safty, 
relible opretion,potection in transmission lines)
2.some maths calculatins.(cube, rctangle,or other)
3.some que related with motar(load,effi,currnt,p.f)
4.practical que asking related with motor or other
  if possible you must have clear your basic 
motor working,RLC ckt, series or parllal ckt,
or call me.09892179045  sundeep mhaskar

it depends on the protection circuitary ratings and the
accuracy u desire for the application. it must supply the
rated current to the relays with the accuracy u desire for
ur purpose,and also copper losses in the CTs should be
minimum so it also depends on the laminations and conductor
material u choose.

The selection of CT depends on the current ratings of relays
those are used in the protecting circuitry and also depends 
on accuracy that circuitry requires.

Selection of CTs depends upon its usage, whether for 
metering or protection. Class of accuracy, VA burden and 
palatability to instrument safety factors need to be 
considered incase of metering CTs. In case of protection 
CTs, linearity factor w.r.t its primary current and 
accuracy factors need to be considered. Metering CTs are 
expressed in terms of Class 1 or Class 3 where as 
protection cts are expressed as 5P10 or 5P15 or 5P20 or 
10P10 etc. The first digit stands for the class of accuracy 
and P stands for protection and the last two digits stands 
for linearity.

this depends on the application type where you are using
this circuit breaker. actually we will have to know whether
we require some delay in tripping after the overcurrent or a
frequent operation is needed. if a delay is needed and we
will have to bear some over temperature conditions then we
use thermal relay which has some delay and low trip current
at high temp. when we require the frequent operation then we
use magnetic type relay. also we will have to mind the
operating environment, nominal current rating and max peak
current bearing capacity and delay time of the circuit breaker.

Mainly The CB is selected on the basis of Voltage capacity 
of the system and the currents to be interrupted.
Also selection depends on whether it is indoor application 
or Outdoor.

Selection of circuit breaker mainly depends on the voltage 
capacity for which its is connected in the circuit like 
3.3kv,6.6kv,11kv,33kv,...etc and the breaking capacity of 
that breaker means at wht current it will trip the ckt...
and making capacity,
Thermal capacity,
application like indoor or outdoor usage.

Selection of Circuit breaker
CURRENT RATING:
Transformer Rating (X)kVA
%age impedance of transformer - Z%
I Full load = X*1000/Sq. root 3*VL
Where X = Transformer rating in kVA
      VL = Line Voltage
BREAKING CAPACITY:
Breaking Capacity of the breaker> I Fault Current

Fault Current (Level) = 1.1*VL/Sq. root 3*Z
Where Z = Impedance of Transformer
      VL = Line Voltage

Z= %Z*10*(kV)*(kV)/KVA
MAKING CAPACITY:
Making Capacity depends upon the following:
a) Power Factor
b) Instant of switching ratio 'n' between required rate s/c
making capacity and rated s/c breaking capacity.

By fault current

A circuit breaker is selected from the making capacity of 
the circuit breaker

depends upon time

in the micro controller type tripping of circuit breaker the
previous readings of the actuating quantities are saved and
also it has minimum losses and at the same type flexibility
also increases as if we have to apply the circuit breaker
for some different readings then in the conventional type we
have to change the whole hardware and have to select a new
design while in the micro controller type we have to change
the program slightly and that's it. one more thing is that
it burdens on the transducers least as compared to other
types of   conventional designs.

To immediate tripping,due to there is no energising of coil.

in micro controller type tripping is depend on fault 
current  value but in relay it is depend torque produce by 
fault current.

The microcontroller type has a static switching and it can
be configured as we require. And the setting is also very
easier.
IT is also a maintenance free as it is a static.
The relay type is a electro-mechanical type and the contacts
and the spring has to taken maintenance. the life of the
spring, switching vibration all counts a matter of maintenance.

PRESSURE IS SAME
SO 
h=D^3/d^3 x H2

Total vol of the water is remain constant
since v r not adding or removing any water
and that is equal to   (3.14/4)*D^2*H
This must be equal to the sum of new of new vol of water in
2 cylenders
ie  (3.14/4)*D^2*H= (3.14/4)D^2*h+(3.14/4)d^2*h
by solving this v can get
h=(D^2*H)/(D^2+d^2)

h = H/2 
as both the vesels are connected water will be at the same 
level having no effect of diamt or shape...

h=(D^2*H)/(D^2+d^2)
beacause after equlibrium is achieved, the height of water
in both the vessels must be same.
3.14h(D^2+d^2)/4=3.14D^2H/4..

After connecting each other in both vessels volumes are 
remane same.
After equilibrium height for dia D is 'h' that means volume 
is v1=Pi/4 *D^2*h
After equilibrium height for dia d is 'H-h' that means 
volume is v2=Pi/4 *d^2*(H-h)

v1=v2

i.e D^2*h=d^2*(H-h)

   (D^2+d^2)*h=d^2*H

 so ans is     h= d^2*H/(d^2+D^2)

I am requesting to Mr.Banke Bihari & Mr.Jikku Joseph to 
make a comment on this answer.Bcz their ans is not correct

@shivaray...i dont think there is any relation b/w d and 
H..so choosing the new volume with (H-h) is wrong...the 
volume in the vessel wit 'd' as dia shud have only h and 
not H-h...so the final ans is 
h=D^2*H/(d^2+D^2)..

According to question the level difference is not mentioned 
so according to me the concept of height differenceas (H-h)
is not suggested.
 at equilibrium h=H/2

vol before connecting = vol after equlibrium
     (3.14/4)*(D^2)*H =  (3.14/4)*(D^2)*h +(3.14/4)*(d^2)*H
     (3.14/4)*(D^2)*H =  (3.14/4)h{(D^2)+(d^2)}
      h={(D^2)/(D^2)+(d^2)}* H
  pls sent me its correct or not

2 bar

I'm guessin 1 bar. Because the pressure will equalise.

from the law of mixing of gases, the final presure after 
micing two idial gases is, Pf=sqroot(p1*p2).
Pf=sqroot(1.5*0.5)=0.866bar.

I think it depends upon the volume of the two vessels.
if the two vessels are having same volume then final 
pressure may be 0.866 bar

It will depend on the relative volumes of the cylinders.

it will depend on temperature and volume of both the 
cylinders..so  we cant guess answer without these data.

the two cylinder are connected by means of a valve so that
total pressure =p1+p2
p1 is first cylinder presu
p2 is second cylinder presure

Depending upon the direction of delivery and towards the 
end flow direction

IN THE DIRECTION WHERE THE PRESSURE OF FLUID IS LOW (i.e.
from high to low pressure region)

flow of liquid depends upon the pressure,so the liquid flow 
from high pressure to low pressure.

from High pressure region tp low pressure region always

Fluid will not always flow from high pressure region to low 
pressure region. The correct answer is fluid flows from 
high head to low head.

The Direction of flow insida a pipe can be rightly judged 
with the help of touching on the pipe. The vibration would 
rightly be able to understand the direction and also the 
quantity of flow.

The fluid always not depend on the direction, the correct 
answer is fluid flows from high head to low head in this 
region.

by visual inspection

cut the pipe
You will instantly come to a decision

As we know liquid always flow from high pressure region to 
low pressure region. Therefore the liquid will flow towards 
that direction where the pressure will be low

fluid flows from high pressure to low pressure

joined an empty vessel at the end.
if it full then towards the vessel else away from the 
vessel.